在建桥工程中所用的起重机械，根据其构造和性能的不同，一般可分为轻小型起重设备、桥式类型起重机械和臂架类型起重机，缆索式起重机四大类。轻小型起重设备如：千斤顶、气动葫芦、电动葫芦、平衡葫芦（又名平衡吊）、卷扬机等。桥架类型起重机械如梁式起重机等。臂架类型起重机如固定式回转起重机、塔式起重机、汽车起重机、轮胎起重机、履带起重机等。缆索式起重机如升降机等。
The lifting machinery used in bridge construction projects can generally be divided into four categories based on their structure and performance: light and small lifting equipment, bridge type lifting machinery, boom type cranes, and cable type cranes. Light and small lifting equipment such as jacks, pneumatic hoists, electric hoists, balance hoists (also known as balance cranes), winches, etc. Bridge type lifting machinery such as beam cranes. Arm type cranes such as fixed slewing cranes, tower cranes, truck cranes, tire cranes, crawler cranes, etc. Cable cranes, such as elevators, etc.
按起重性质分：流动式起重机、塔式起重机、桅杆式起重机。
Classified by lifting nature: mobile crane, tower crane, mast crane.
按驱动方式分：一类为集中驱动，即用一台电动机带动长传动轴驱动两边的主动车轮；另一类为分别驱动、即两边的主动车轮各用一台电动机驱动。中、小型桥式起重机较多采用制动器、减速器和电动机组合成一体的“三合一”驱动方式，大起重量的普通桥式起重机为便于安装和调整，驱动装置常采用万向联轴器。
According to the driving mode, there are two types: centralized driving, which uses an electric motor to drive a long drive shaft to drive the active wheels on both sides; The other type is separately driven, that is, the active wheels on both sides are driven by an electric motor. Small and medium-sized bridge cranes often use a "three in one" drive method that combines brakes, reducers, and motors. For large lifting capacity ordinary bridge cranes, universal couplings are often used as the drive device for easy installation and adjustment.
按结构形式，起重机主要分为轻小型起重设备、桥架式（桥式、门式起重机）、臂架式（自行式、塔式、门座式、铁路式、浮船式、桅杆式起重机）、缆索式。
According to the structural form, cranes are mainly divided into light and small lifting equipment, bridge type (bridge type, gantry crane), boom type (self-propelled, tower type, gantry type, railway type, floating ship type, mast type crane), and cable type.
1.轻小起重设备
1. Light and small lifting equipment
轻小型起重设备的特点是轻便、结构紧凑，动作简单，作业范围投影以点、线为主。轻、小型起重设备，一般只有一个升降机构，它只能使重物作单一的升降运动。属于这一类的有：千斤顶、滑车、手（气、电）动葫芦、绞车等。电动葫芦常配有运行小车与金属构架以扩大作业范围。
The characteristics of light and small lifting equipment are lightweight, compact structure, simple operation, and the projection of the operating range is mainly based on points and lines. Light and small lifting equipment usually only has one lifting mechanism, which can only perform a single lifting motion on heavy objects. Belonging to this category are: jacks, pulleys, manual (pneumatic, electric) hoists, winches, etc. Electric hoists are often equipped with running carts and metal frames to expand their operating range.